Â.².
Ñàðàí÷óê, Â.Â. Îøîâñüêèé, Ã.Î. Âëàñîâ
Õ²Ì²ß ²
Ô²ÇÈÊÀ ÃÎÐÞ×ÈÕ ÊÎÏÀËÈÍ
Çàòâåðäæåíî
̳í³ñòåðñòâîì îñâ³òè ³ íàóêè Óêðà¿íè ÿê ï³äðó÷íèê äëÿ ñòóäåíò³â
âèùèõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàä³â
Äîíåöüê "Ñõ³äíèé
âèäàâíè÷èé ä³ì" 2003
ÓÄÊ 662.73+662.74 Â.².
Ñàðàí÷óê, Â.Â. Îøîâñüêèé, Ã.Î. Âëàñîâ Ñ20 Õ³ì³ÿ ³ ô³çèêà ãîðþ÷èõ
êîïàëèí . - Äîíåöüê: Ñõ³äíèé âèäàâíè÷èé ä³ì, 2003. -204 ñ. ISBN
966-7804-45-3
Ó êíèç³ ðîçãëÿäàþòüñÿ
ô³çèêî-õ³ì³÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³ ïðèðîäíèõ ³ ñèíòåòè÷íèõ ôîðì âóãëåöþ, à
òàêîæ ïàëèâ, ¿õ ïîõîäæåííÿ, êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ, ñêëàä, ô³çè÷í³ ³ õ³ì³÷í³
âëàñòèâîñò³, ìîëåêóëÿðíà ñòðóêòóðà òâåðäèõ ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí, íàôòè,
ïðèðîäíèõ ãàç³â, âèêëàäåí³ ïðèíöèïè ïåðåðîáêè ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí ³
ñó÷àñí³ óÿâè ïðî ñóòí³ñòü ³ ìåõàí³çì ¿õíüîãî ïåðåòâîðåííÿ â ð³çíèõ
óìîâàõ, äàíà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ïðîäóêò³â, ùî óòâîðþþòüñÿ.
Äëÿ ñòóäåíò³â ³
àñï³ðàíò³â âóç³â, ùî íàâ÷àþòüñÿ çà ôàõîì "Õ³ì³÷íà òåõíîëîã³ÿ
ïàëèâà", íàóêîâö³â, ñï³âðîá³òíèê³â ïðîåêòíèõ îðãàí³çàö³é ³
³íæåíåðíî-òåõí³÷íèõ ïðàö³âíèê³â çàâîä³â.
Â.È. Ñàðàí÷óê, Â.Â.
Îøîâñêèé, Ã.À. Âëàñîâ Ñ20 Õèìèÿ è ôèçèêà ãîðþ÷èõ èñêîïàåìûõ. -
Äîíåöê: Ñõ³äíèé âèäàâíè÷èé ä³ì, 2003. -204 ñ.
 êíèãå ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ
ôèçèêî-õèìè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà ïðèðîäíûõ è ñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ ôîðì óãëåðîäà, à
òàêæå èñêîïàåìûõ òîïëèâ, èõ ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, êëàññèôèêàöèÿ, ñîñòàâ,
ôèçè÷åñêèå è õèìè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà, ìîëåêóëÿðíàÿ ñòðóêòóðà òâåðäûõ
ãîðþ÷èõ èñêîïàåìûõ, íåôòè, ïðèðîäíûõ ãàçîâ, èçëîæåíû ïðèíöèïû
ïåðåðàáîòêè ãîðþ÷èõ èñêîïàåìûõ è ñîâðåìåííûå ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ î ñóùíîñòè
è ìåõàíèçìå èõ ïðåâðàùåíèÿ â ðàçíûõ óñëîâèÿõ, äàíû õàðàêòåðèñòèêà
îáðàçóþùèõñÿ ïðîäóêòîâ.
Äëÿ ñòóäåíòîâ è
àñïèðàíòîâ âóçîâ, îáó÷àþùèõñÿ ïî ñïåöèàëüíîñòè "Õèìè÷åñêàÿ
òåõíîëîãèÿ òîïëèâà", íàó÷íûõ ðàáîòíèêîâ, ñîòðóäíèêîâ ïðîåêòíûõ
îðãàíèçàöèé è èíæåíåðíî-òåõíè÷åñêèõ ðàáîòíèêîâ çàâîäîâ.
Òàáë. 35. Èë. 12.
Áèáëèîãð.: 33 íàçâ. Ðåöåíçåíòû: ä-ð òåõí. íàóê, ïðîô. Â.Ì. Åãîðîâ
(ÍÌÀÓ); ê-ò òåõí. íàóê, äîö. Þ.Ì. Ãóëÿìîâ (ÓÃÕÒÓ)
Àâòîðè âäÿ÷í³ ä.ò.í.
Â.Ñ.Á³ëåöüêîìó òà ä.õ.í. ïðîô. É.Î.Îïåéä³ çà äîïîìîãó ó ïåðåêëàä³
òà ðåäàãóâàíí³ ï³äðó÷íèêà.
Ãðèô íàäàíî ̳í³ñòåðñòâîì
îñâ³òè ³ íàóêè Óêðà¿íè. Ïðîòîêîë No 1/11-3664 â³ä 06.11.2002.
ISBN 966-7804-45-3 ©
Êîëåêòèâ àâòîð³â, 2003
Ç̲ÑÒ CONTENTS Âèõ³äí³
äàí³
Ç̲ÑÒ
×ÀÑÒÈÍÀ I. ÇÀÃÀËÜͲ ÏÈÒÀÍÍß
Äæåðåëà åíåð㳿 é îðãàíîãåííà ñèðîâèíà
Âóãëåöü ³ âóãëåöåâ³ ìàòåð³àëè
Âèäè ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí ³ ¿õíÿ ðîëü ó íàðîäíîìó
ãîñïîäàðñòâ³
Óìîâè çàëÿãàííÿ ³ ñïîñîáè âèäîáóòêó ãîðþ÷èõ
êîïàëèí
Ãîëîâí³ ðîäîâèùà ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí
×ÀÑÒÈÍÀ II. ÒÂÅÐIJ ãîðþ÷³
ÊÎÏÀËÈÍÈ
Ïîõîäæåííÿ òâåðäèõ ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí
Òîðô
Êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ ÒÃÊ
Ïåòðîãðàô³ÿ âóã³ëëÿ
Òåõí³÷íèé àíàë³ç âóã³ëëÿ
Âîëîãà
̳íåðàëüí³ êîìïîíåíòè ³ çîëüí³ñòü âóã³ëëÿ
Âèõ³ä ëåòêèõ ðå÷îâèí
ѳðêà ó âóã³ëë³
Åëåìåíòíèé ñêëàä ÒÃÊ
Ô³çè÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³ âóã³ëëÿ
Ãóñòèíà ÒÃÊ
Ô³çèêî-ìåõàí³÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³
Òåïëîô³çè÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³
Åëåêòðîìàãí³òí³ âëàñòèâîñò³
Õ³ì³÷íà áóäîâà òâåðäèõ ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí
Ãóì³íîâ³ êèñëîòè, á³òóìè, ã³ðñüêèé â³ñê
Çáàãà÷åííÿ òâåðäèõ ïàëüíèõ êîïàëèí
Áðèêåòóâàííÿ âóã³ëëÿ
Òåðì³÷íà äåñòðóêö³ÿ. Ìåõàí³çì ïåðåòâîðåííÿ
âóã³ëëÿ
ϳðîë³ç ÒÃÊ
Êîêñóâàííÿ âóã³ëëÿ
Îêèñíåííÿ âóã³ëëÿ
Ñïàëåííÿ ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí
Ãàçèô³êàö³ÿ âóã³ëëÿ
óäðîãåí³çàö³ÿ ³ ðîç÷èíåííÿ âóã³ëëÿ
Åíåðãîòåõíîëîã³÷íà ïåðåðîáêà òâåðäèõ ãîðþ÷èõ
êîïàëèí
×ÀÑÒÈÍÀ III. вÄÊÅ ÏÀËÈÂÎ
Ïîõîäæåííÿ íàôòè ³ ãàçó
Ãðóïîâèé õ³ì³÷íèé ñêëàä íàôò ³ íàôòîïðîäóêò³â
Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà íàôò ³ íàôòîâèõ ôðàêö³é
Ñïîñîáè ïåðåðîáêè íàôòè
Òåðì³÷íèé êðåê³íã íàôòè
Êàòàë³òè÷í³ ïðîöåñè ïåðåðîáêè íàôòè
Íàôòîâ³ ïàëèâà é ìàñòèëà
Î÷èùåííÿ íàôòîïðîäóêò³â
×ÀÑÒÈÍÀ IV. ÃÀÇÎÏÎIJÁÍÅ ÏÀËÈÂÎ
Ïðèðîäí³ ãîðþ÷³ ãàçè
Çð³äæåíèé ãàç
Ãàçè âóã³ëüíèõ ðîäîâèù
ÏÅÐÅË²Ê Ë²ÒÅÐÀÒÓÐÈ
CONTENTS
PART I. GENERAL QUESTIONS
Energy sources and organogenic raw material
Carbon and carbonic materials
Types of fuel fossils and their role in national
economy
Conditions of bedding and mining ways of fuel
fossils
Main deposits of fuel fossils
PART II. SOLID FUEL FOSSILS
Origin of hard fuel fossils (HFF)
Peat
Classification of HFF
Coal petrography
Technical analysis of coals
Moisture
Mineral components and ash of coals
Outlet of flying substances
Sulphur in coals
Element composition of HFF
Physical properties of coals
HFF density
Physic-mechanical properties
Heat-physical properties
Electromagnetic properties
Chemical construction of hard fuel fossils
Gumic acids, bitumens, earth wax
Enrichment of hard fuel fossils
Coal bricking
Thermal destruction. Mechanism of coal
conversion
HFF pyrolysis
Coal coking
Oxidation of coal
Burning of fuel fossils
Coal gasification
Hydrogenation and dissolution of coal
Energy-technological conversion of hard fuel
fossils
PART III. LIQUID FUEL
Origin of oil and gas
Group chemical composition of oil and oil
products
Characteristics of oils and oil fractions
Ways of oil conversion
Thermal cracking of oil
Catalytic processes of oil conversion
Oil fuels and lubricants
Purification of oil products
PART IV. GASEOUS FUEL
Natural fuel gases
Liquefied gases
Gases of coal fields
REFERENCES
Âèõ³äí³
äàí³
Íàóêîâå âèäàííÿ Â.². Ñàðàí÷óê, Â.Â. Îøîâñüêèé,
Ã.Î. Âëàñîâ Õ²Ì²ß ² Ô²ÇÈÊÀ ÃÎÐÞ×ÈÕ ÊÎÏÀËÈÍ Ðåäàêö³ÿ àâòîðñüêà
ϳäï. äî äðóêó 08.12.2002. Ôîðìàò 60õ84 1/16. Ïàï³ð
îôñåòíèé. Äðóê òðàôàðåòíèé. Ãàðí³òóðà Times. Óì. äðóê. Àðê.
13,05. Îáë. âèä. àðê. 8,01. Çàì. 1-12.
Âèäàíè÷å ï³äïðèºìñòâî "Ñõ³äíèé âèäàâíè÷èé
ä³ì" Ñâ³äîöòâî ïðî âíåñåííÿ äî ðåºñòðê âèäàâö³â, âèãîò³âíèê³â
òà ðîçïîâñþäæóâà÷³â èäàâíè÷î¿ ïðîäóêö³¿ No ÄÊ 697 â³ä
30.11.2001. 83086, ì. Äîíåöüê, âóë. Àðòåìà, 45 òåë./ôàêñ (062)
338-06-97, 337-04-80 e-mail: svdm@skif.net
Íàäðóêîâàíî ÒÎÂ "ÑÂÄ
"Ìåðêóð³é" 83086, ì. Äîíåöüê, âóë. Àðòåìà, 45
Â.². Ñàðàí÷óê, Â.Â. Îøîâñüêèé, Ã.Î. Âëàñîâ Ñ20
Õ³ì³ÿ ³ ô³çèêà ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí . - Äîíåöüê: Ñõ³äíèé âèäàâíè÷èé
ä³ì, 2003. -204 ñ.
Ó êíèç³ ðîçãëÿäàþòüñÿ ô³çèêî-õ³ì³÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³
ïðèðîäíèõ ³ ñèíòåòè÷íèõ ôîðì âóãëåöþ, à òàêîæ ïàëèâ, ¿õ ïîõîäæåííÿ,
êëàñèô³êàö³ÿ, ñêëàä, ô³çè÷í³ ³ õ³ì³÷í³ âëàñòèâîñò³, ìîëåêóëÿðíà
ñòðóêòóðà òâåðäèõ ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí, íàôòè, ïðèðîäíèõ ãàç³â, âèêëàäåí³
ïðèíöèïè ïåðåðîáêè ãîðþ÷èõ êîïàëèí ³ ñó÷àñí³ óÿâè ïðî ñóòí³ñòü ³
ìåõàí³çì ¿õíüîãî ïåðåòâîðåííÿ â ð³çíèõ óìîâàõ, äàíà õàðàêòåðèñòèêà
ïðîäóêò³â, ùî óòâîðþþòüñÿ.
Äëÿ ñòóäåíò³â ³ àñï³ðàíò³â âóç³â,
ùî íàâ÷àþòüñÿ çà ôàõîì "Õ³ì³÷íà òåõíîëîã³ÿ ïàëèâà",
íàóêîâö³â, ñï³âðîá³òíèê³â ïðîåêòíèõ îðãàí³çàö³é ³ ³íæåíåðíî-òåõí³÷íèõ
ïðàö³âíèê³â çàâîä³â.
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